Annus Mirabilis papers
the four papers that Albert Einstein published in Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics), a scientific journal, in 1905. These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published these remarkable papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis (miracle year in English or Wunderjahr in German).
The first paper ("Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt", "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light") explained the photoelectric effect, which was the only specific discovery mentioned in the citation awarding Einstein the Nobel Prize in Physics.[1]
The second paper ("Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen", "On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat") explained Brownian motion, which led reluctant physicists to accept the existence of atoms.
The third paper ("Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper", "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies") introduced Einstein's theory of special relativity.
The fourth ("Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?", "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?"), a consequence of the theory of special relativity, developed the principle of mass-energy equivalence, expressed in the famous equation E = m c 2 {displaystyle E=mc^{2}} 